Scanning, Skimming, dan Reviewing

SCANNING

Ø  Definition:

Scanning a text is a reading technique where the reader looks for specific information rather than trying to absorb all the information. If you're reading a timetable, say, you want specific information usually and so look for something that is convenient for your journey plans- when you do this, you are scanning.

(Memindai teks adalah suatu teknik membaca dimana pembaca akan mencari informasi spesifik daripada mencoba menyerap semua informasi. Jika Anda membaca jadwal, katakan, Anda ingin informasi spesifik biasanya dan mencari sesuatu yang nyaman untuk rencana perjalanan Anda-ketika Anda melakukan ini,

Anda sedang memindai.)

Ø  Example:

TOP 10 MOVIES ON FILM-RELEASES.COM
for the week of March 12

1.    Safe House

2.    Journey 2: the Mysterious Island

3.    The Vow

4.    The Dark Knight Rises

5.    Wrath of the Titans

6.    Chronicle

7.    John Carter

8.    Big Miracle

9.    Prometheus

10.  Footloose

SKIMMING

Ø  Definition:

Skimming is reading a text to get the gist, the basic overall idea, rather than concentrating on absorbing all the details. For instance, many people skim read a newspaper article just to get a quick overview, or a text could be skimmed to see whether it's worth reading in detail.

(Skimming adalah membaca teks untuk mendapatkan inti, ide keseluruhan dasar, bukan berkonsentrasi untuk menyerap semua rincian. Misalnya, banyak orang membaca sebuah artikel surat kabar hanya untuk mendapatkan sebuah gambaran singkat, atau teks dapat ditelusuri untuk dilihat apakah itu layak dibaca secara rinci.)

Ø  Example:

The Downside of a Balmy Winter? Long Walks With the Dog Aren’t Carefree

By KAREN ANN CULLOTTA

Published: March 18, 2012

Annette Kowalczyk, a retiree, and her trusty dog, Beau, were extraordinarily active last month, relishing long walks through her suburban Chicago neighborhood — a pleasant change from last winter, when icy sidewalks and bitter cold made their favorite pastime downright treacherous.

Alas, for poor Beau, a bichon frisé who suffered a nasty tick bite in February, the balmy winter weather also appears to have encouraged legions of ticks to abandon their typically sedentary winter habit of lounging docilely under snow drifts, in favor of feasting heartily on a late-winter canine blood meal.

“The vet said the tick didn’t settle down until he found a juicy spot on Beau’s neck,” said Mrs. Kowalczyk, 74.

“I was horrified,” she added. “It wasn’t like we were walking in the forest. We were on the sidewalk, in my neighborhood.”

While entomologists say that the mild weather in much of the country this winter is unlikely to spawn a tick population explosion this spring and summer, they suggest that just like humans and dogs, the pesky critters appear to be enjoying the great outdoors a month or two earlier this year.

“Usually, by late December it’s too cold for ticks to be out questing for a blood meal,” said Richard Pollack, a public health entomologist and instructor in the department of immunology and infectious diseases at the Harvard School of Public Health.

“Last year at this time, people were sitting in their living rooms watching TV, but now they’re out in their neighborhoods, enjoying the warm weather with their dogs and wearing T-shirts,” Dr. Pollack said.

“It’s not that the warm weather has created more ticks,” he added, “but it has created the opportunity for both humans and ticks to be more active, and to make contact with each other.”

While some experts say the prevalence of dog-biting ticks this mild winter indicates neither a more virulent tick nor an increased risk of Lyme disease in dogs and humans, a recent study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that data from dogs may help predict areas of Lyme disease emergence. In addition, the study found that combining data from both humans and dogs could assist health officials in targeting Lyme disease prevention efforts.

Though most entomologists decline making any predictions about the coming tick season, Dr. Scott Demanes, a veterinarian from Peoria, Ill., said that ticks this winter had kept him busy treating dogs with tick bites well beyond late fall.

“The whole winter, there’s never really been a lull,” Dr. Demanes said.

“If a dog is not scratching the area a lot, many owners have no idea the dog has a tick bite unless it starts to engorge with blood,” he said.

At the Bristol County Veterinary Hospital in Seekonk, Mass., Dr. Amy Hurd recommends that all dogs be tested annually for Lyme disease. She also worries that the bleak economy has led some pet owners to forgo buying the protective lotions that ward off ticks.

“Times are hard for a lot of people these days, and for some pet owners, tick lotion can seem like a luxury — they just don’t have the money,” Dr. Hurd said.

“There are a lot of choices to make, but with the warm winter weather we’ve just had, dog owners should be applying a tick lotion and checking their dogs every day,” Dr. Hurd said.

Of course, even the most vigilant pet owners can discover that despite their best efforts, they have not eluded the ever intrepid and terribly tiny tick. Aggie Hozempa of Warren, R.I., and her yellow Labrador retriever, Libby Lane — one of Dr. Hurd’s patients — both received a diagnosis of Lyme disease contracted from tick bites in November.

“I had severe pain in my right knee, and when an M.R.I. ruled out an injury, the doctor ran a blood test, and I tested positive for Lyme disease,” Ms. Hozempa said. “Dr. Hurd tested Libby Lou, and it was the same story, but my dog had zero symptoms.”

Both Ms. Hozempa and Libby Lane were treated with doxycycline and are now healthy and symptom-free, resuming their daily walks, covered with a protective tick lotion and never straying from a paved bike path.

“As a golfer, if on occasion my ball ends up in the woods, I will not go and get it,” Ms. Hozempa said. “Tick bites and Lyme disease are just so bizarre and frightening. I’m trying to be proactive, but these ticks are like the size of a pepper flake. The wind can blow one on you or your dog, and you’d never know it.”

REVIEWING

Reviewing is learning from experience - or enabling others to do so. Reviewing helps you get more from work, life and recreation - especially if you have the reviewing skills to match your ambitions.

(Meninjau adalah belajar dari pengalaman - atau memungkinkan orang lain untuk melakukannya. Meninjau membantu Anda mendapatkan lebih banyak dari pekerjaan, kehidupan dan rekreasi - terutama jika Anda memiliki keterampilan meninjau sesuai ambisi Anda.)

Ø  Definition

Reviewing is any process that helps you to make use of personal experience for your learning and development. These reviewing processes can include:

·         reflecting on experience

·         analysing experience

·         making sense of experience

·         communicating experience

·         reframing experience

·         learning from experience

(Meninjau adalah setiap proses yang membantu Anda untuk menggunakan pengalaman pribadi untuk pembelajaran dan pembangunan. Proses meninjau antara lain termasuk:

·         merefleksikan pengalaman

·         menganalisis pengalaman

·         membuat rasa pengalaman

·         berkomunikasi pengalaman

·         reframing pengalaman

·         belajar dari pengalaman)

Ø  Example:

Meeting a star

On Saturday morning at 9:30, I was walking down Sunda Street, looking for a record store. A man stopped me and asked me the way to the Hyatt Hotel. I wasn't sure exactly where it was, but I walked with him to the end of Sunda Street. He was very friendly, and his face looked so familiar. Then I remembered where the Hyatt was and told him how to get there. He thanked me and tried to give me something. I thought it was money. I said 'no' at first, but he really wanted me to have it, so I took it.

I found the record store and listened to a few records. D' Masive had a new record that was number two in the top twenty. I decided to buy it. I looked in my bag for my wallet and found a piece of paper the man gave me. It was a photo. I was so surprised! He was a singer in D' Masive!